CHAPTER
6
A. Thanking
You thank
others for what they give to you and you may also have to respond
when someone thanks you. Do you know how to do them
very well?
Here
are the expressions and the functions in table :
Expressions
|
Function
|
|
Thanking
|
B.
Responding to thank
Below
are other expressions :
Expressions
|
Function
|
|
|
It was the least I could do.
|
Responding to thanks
|
|
Don’t mention it.
|
|
|
You’re welcome
|
|
|
It’s no trouble at all.
|
|
|
Delighted I was able to help.
|
Example for Thanking and Responding to Thanks :
1.
Thanking for directions
Sample
phrases (from formal to informal)
A: Thank you so much for your directions.
You’ve been a tremendous help.
B:
It was my pleasure.
A: Thank you for taking the time to explain it
to me. I hope it wasn’t too much of a bother.
B:
Not at all. It was the least I could do.
A:
Thanks for all your help. I really appreciate it.
B:
You’re welcome. Good luck.
A:
Thanks a million!
B:
Forget it/Don’t worry about it.
2.
Thanking for invitations
Sample
phrases
A:
Thank you for inviting me. Of course I’ll come.
B:
Great! We’re sure to have a lot of fun.
A:
Thanks for your invitation, but I’m afraid I won’t be able to come. I’ve got an
appointment.
B:
I’m sorry to hear that. We’ll certainly miss you.
3.
Thanking for gifts
Sample
phrases
A: Thank you very much for the flowers.
They look so beautiful. Are they from your garden?
B:
Yes. I’m glad you like them. Happy anniversary!
A:
Thanks a lot, but you really shouldn’t have.
B:
Well, I just wanted to show my appreciation for your kindness.
4.
Thanking for favors
Sample
phrases
A: Thank you so much for lending me
your bicycle.
B:
Don’t mention it. Let me know if you need it again.
A:
Thanks for doing the washing-up.
B:
It was nothing. I enjoyed helping you.
5.
Thanking for offers of help
Sample
phrases
A: Can I take you to the airport?
B:
Thank you. That would be great.
A:
Do you need help carrying these suitcases?
B:
Thanks, but I’ll manage OK by myself.
6.
Thanking for expressions of sympathy
Sample
phrases
A: I’m sorry to hear your grandmother is ill.
B:
Thank you. I hope she’ll be all right.
A:
That’s too bad about your car.
B:
Thanks. I think the police will find some clues.
7.
Thanking for compliments and wishes of success
Sample
phrases
A: You are such a good cook!
B:
Thanks. I learned a lot from my mother.
A:
Good luck with your exams!
B:
Thanks. I’ll need it!
C. Narrative Text
A
narrative text is a text that entertains and instructs the readers. It
entertains because it deals with the unusual and unexpected development of
events. It instructs because it teaches readers that problems should be
confronted, and attempts made to resolve them.
1.
Generic Structure:
- Orientation: berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu terjadinya cerita (siapa atau apa, kapan dan dimana)
- Complication: Berisi puncak konflik/masalah dalam cerita. Sebuah cerita boleh memiliki complication lebih dari satu.
- Resolution: Pemecahan masalah. Bisa berakhir dengan kegembiraan (happy ending) bisa pula berakhir dengan kesedihan (sad ending).
Catatan:
Terkadang
juga susunannya (generic structure): Orientation, Complication,
Evaluation, Resolution dan Reorientation. Untuk “Evaluation” dan
“Reorientation” merupakan optional; bisa ada bisa tidak. Evaluation berisi
penilaian/evaluasi terhadap jalannya cerita atau konflik. Sedangkan Reorientation berisi
penyimpulan isi akhir cerita.
2.
Grammatical features menggunakan tenses “past”
3.
Sering menggunakan kata penghubung waktu (temporal conjunction), misalnya:
once upon a time, one day, long time ago,…
Narrative Text adalah teks yang isinya merupakan
cerita atau kisah tentang sesuatu. Contoh narrative text: cerita rakyat
(folktale), cerita binatang (fable), Legenda (legend), cerita pendek (short
story), dan sejenisnya. Di dalamnya terdapat konflik/puncak masalah yang
diikuti dengan penyelesaian. Fungsi utama teks ini adalah untuk berkisah atau menghibur
pembaca.
Example
for Narrative text :
The
Story of Smart Monkey and Dull Crocodile
One day there was a monkey. He wanted to cross a river. There he saw a
crocodile so he asked the crocodile to take him across the other side of the
river. The crocodile agree and told the monkey to jump on its back. Then the
crocodile swam down the river with the monkey on his top.
Unluckily,
the crocodile was very hungry, he stopped in the middle of the river and said
to the monkey, “My father is very sick. He has to eat the heart of the monkey.
So he will be healthy again.”
At
the time, the monkey was in dangerous situation and he had to think hard. Then
he had a good idea. He told the crocodile to swim back to the river bank.
“What’s for?” asked the crocodile. “Because I don’t bring my heart,” said the
monkey. “I left it under a tree, near some coconuts in the river bank.”
The
crocodile agreed and turned around. He swam back to the bank of the river. As
soon as they reached the river bank, the monkey jumped off the crocodile’s
back. Then he climbed up to the top of a tree. “Where is your heart?” asked the
crocodile. “You are foolish,” said the monkey to the crocodile. “Now I am free
and I have my heart.”
CHAPTER
7
1. Complimenting Someone
Compliment is an expression that we show or say to
express or give praise. Some people use compliments to “butter up” somebody or
to flatter in order to increase good will, for example:
• on
his/her general appearance.
• if
you notice something new about the person’s appearance.
• when
you visit someone’s house for the first time.
• when
other people do their best.
Complimenting someone
|
Responding
|
o I would like
compliment you on …
o I think your …….
is very nice.
o I just love your
……
o The …… is very
delicious.
o I really like your
…….
o You look fabulous!
o Fantastic!/Marvelous!
o That’s nice.
o That’s not bad.
o Perfect!
o Pretty good.
|
o Thank you. It’s
nice of you to say so.
o Thank you but
really isn’t anything special.
o Thank you. Yours
is even nicer.
o I’m glad you like
it.
o Thank you.
o Thank you so much.
o Yeah, thanks.
|
Example of dialog complimenting :
Sarah
: Jasmine, This is dress for you. I made it by myself .
Jasmine
: That’s a beautiful dress! You are really a talented tailor.
Sarah
: I’m glad you like it.
2.
Congratulations.
Congratulating
|
Responding
|
|
|
|
Example of dialog
congratulating :
Danu
: Rizal, how is your library so far?
Rizal
: It’s great! Many people come to my library.
Danu
: congratulations! Your library is the
most popular one now.
Rizal
: Thank you, Danu.
3.
Descriptive Text
Bringing
Words to Life
Descriptive
writing creates an impression in the reader’s mind of an event, a place, a
person, or thing. The writing will be such that it will set a mood or describe
something in such detail that if the reader saw it, they would recognize it.
Descriptive writing will bring words to life and makes the text interesting.
|
|
|
|
To
describe a person’s physical appearance, you can use the following words.
Physical
Appearances
|
|||||
Height
|
Body
|
Age
|
Hair
|
Face
|
Eyes
|
tall
short
|
slim
thin
plump
fat
skinny
muscular
|
young
old
teenager
in
20s, 30s,
40s
|
long
short
bald
straight
curly
wavy
black
red
brown
|
round
oval
square
wrinkles
pale
bearded
shaved
|
big
round
blue
brown
green
slanting
|
- To describe a person’s characters (qualities & habitual behaviour), you can use the followingwords.
Character
|
|
Characters
|
|
careful
|
careless
|
active
cheerful
determined
energetic
friendly
humble
humorous
sensitive
stubborn
|
|
intelligent
|
stupid
|
||
confi
dent
|
shy
|
||
Extrovert
|
introvert
|
||
generous
|
stingy
|
||
diligent
|
lazy
|
||
|
|
Example
for Descriptive Text :
My
Friend’s New Shoes
I have a close Friend. She is beautiful, attractive and
trendy. She always want to be a trend setter of the day. She always
pays much attention on her appearance. Recently, she bought a new stylist foot
legs from blowfish shoes products. This shoes really matches on
her.
Her new blowfish women’s shoes are wonderful. When she are
walking on that shoes, all her friends, including me watch and admire that she
has the most suitable shoes on her physical appearance. The style, bright
color, and brand represent her as a smart woman of the day. She really have
perfect appearance. She is really mad on that shoes. She said that the products
covered all genders. The blowfish men’s shoes are as elegant as she has. The
products provide varieties of choice. Ballet, casual, boot athletic
shoes are designed in attractive way. The products are international
trader mark and become the hottest trend.
CHAPTER
8
1.
Saying You Are Excited
Here
are some other expressions.
- Really? That’s wonderful.
- I find it very interesting
- Fantastic!
- That’s terrific!
- (How) exciting!
- I’m very enthusiastic!
- I cannot deny my enthusiasm for …
2.
Advertisement
Iklan
atau dalam bahasa Inggrisnya disebut Advertisement merupakan sebuah sarana promosi
tentang suatu produk/barang/jasa atau apapun yang ingin anda promosikan.
- Iklan dalam bentuk apapun harusnya bisa menarik, unik, padat dan yang terpenting memuat semua pesan yang ingin disampaikan.
- Iklan yang baik seharusnya menggunakan kata-kata yang baku dan sesuai dengan target nya, contohnya Mengiklankan suatu produk indonesia dengan target pasar indonesia tapi menggunakan bahasa inggris. Yah seharusnya relevanlah dengan target pasarnya, sehingga mereka mengerti apa yang anda iklankan.
Example :
OPPORTUNITY
A big western restaurant in Kuta is looking for waitresses and waiters
with the requirements of good looking, polite, and communicative. Good in
English is a plus!
Send your application letter, CV and recent photograph to Rainbow Resto,
JL. Kuta Barat No 5 Kuta, not later than 28th April 2012
|
|
|
|
CHAPTER
9
1.
Expressing Disbelief
Expression disbelief is expression to not believe
something or someone with reason or unreason.
Example :
Asking if you believe it or not.
- Do you believe it?
- Wouldn’t you believe it?
- Can you imagine that?
- You don’t believe it, do you?
- Don’t you think it’s odd that….?
Expressing disbelief:
- I don’t believe it.
- It can’t be true.
- I can’t think of it.
- I don’t trust you.
Responding to believe or not :
- No, I don’t believe it.
- Are you serious?
- Are you joking?
- Are you kidding?
- You must be joking/kidding!
- Oh, no! that’s not true!
- You don’t say!
- Seeing is believing.
-Really? That sounds interesting.
-Really? It’s surprising that.
- Good heavens
-My goodness!
- This is really a surprise!
Example conversation of expression surprise:
Nopli : Whose motorbike is that?
Dios : It’s Norman’s.
Nopli : Are you kidding me?
Dios : No, I’m not. I saw her riding that motorbike
this morning.
Nopli : What a surprise!
2. Expressing Surprise
Expression surprise is expression which someone when
get a surprise.
Surprise can have valence. It can be neutral
expression, pleasant or accordingly some would not categories surprise in
itself as an emotion or every human.
Here are some other expressions to show surprise.
Telling
surprising news :
- Guess what!
- Surprise!
- I’ve got news, for you, Do you know what?
- You won’t believe it!
Expressing
surprise :
- Wow! What a surprise!
- That’s a surprise!
- That’s very surprising!
-Really?
- What?
- What?
- Are you serious? You must be joking!
- You’re kidding!
- Fancy that!
- I must say it surprises me.
- I find it hard to believe
Responding:
- Yeah!
- It is!
- Yup!
- Sure.
- It’s true.
- I’m serious.
- No, I’m not.
- It is.
- Does it?
- It is, isn’t it?
3.
News Item Text
News
item is a type of the text that has the main function or communicative purpose
to inform readers of listeners or viewer about events of the day that are
considered newsworthy or important. The generic structure of news item has
elements as follows.
Headline/
title: the main point to report in reduced clause.
Ø Summary
of event: the summary of main event that is to be reported.
Ø Background
of event: the explanation about what had happened (who, what, when, where).
Ø Source:
someone’s about the event.
News Item Text:
Air
Force still Investigating Cause of Plane Crash
The Air Force is still
investigating the cause of last Thursday’s military plane crash on
Mount Salak, Bogor, an officials say. “I cannot reveal any preliminary
suspicions on the crash because we are still waiting for result of the
investigating,” Air Force spokesman Chaerudin Ray said here Sunday.
He said he was sure
that human error was not the cause of the Casa 212’s crash because
the Captain’s Pilot, Maj. Bendot Arjiyanto, was both an experienced pilot and
an instructor.
Chaerudin said no Casa planes
belonging to the Air Force, including the 1984 Casa light transport airplane,
carried a black box.
“We
only rely on the tape recorder and a record from the Jakarta air
traffic control,” he said.
CHAPTER
10
Inviting,
Accepting & Declining Invitation
Inviting:
- Would you like to ….
- Could you come to…
- I’d very much like
- Would you care to ….
- I’ll really happy if you come to….
- I’m sure that you won’t be disappointed to come to….
Accepting an Invitation
- Thank you for inviting me.
- I would/will ….
- That would be very nice.
- I’d like to love to come.
- That’s fine.
- Sure. Why not?
Declining an Invitation
- I’m very sorry, I don’t think I can.
- I’d like to, but ….
- Thank you for asking me, but ….
- Unfortunately, I can’t ….
Dialog
Examples:
Dialog
1
Ludi
Invites Maya to go to a Movie
Ludi
: Hi, Maya. There will be a great film tonight. It’s about vampire.
Would
you like to go to the movie with me?
Maya
: Yes, I’d like tonvery much. When will you pick me up?
Ludi
: I’ll pick you at 7.00. Be ready, OK!
Maya
: Alright.
Offering help :
Useful phrases
·
Can I help you?
·
May I help you?
·
If you like, I/we could…….
·
Could I help you?
·
Do you need my help?
·
Could I be of any help?
·
Should I help you?
·
May I be of any assistance?
·
Would you like me/us to help you?
·
Will you be happy to receive my help?
·
Would you like me helping you?
· What
can I do for you?
·
Is there anything that I can do for you?
·
I’ll do it for you.
·
It’s my pleasure to help you.
Example Dialogue :
Villager: May
I help you?
Traveler: Yes sir. I am
new to this place.
Villager: What can I
do for you?
Traveler: I would
like to meet the president. May I know his residence?
Villager: Walk straight
an turn right. You will see a big bungalow and that is the
place.
Traveler: Very kind of
you.
ACCEPTING AN OFFER OF HELP
·
I’d be delighted (if)…..
·
You are most kind.
·
I am happy about….
·
That’s very kind of you.
·
It’s very nice of you.
·
If it’s no trouble for you.
·
I surprised to…
·
If you don’t mind.
·
Thank you.
DECLINING AN OFFER OF HELP
·
No, please don’t bother.
·
Sorry, thanks for your help.
·
No, I can manage. Thank you.
·
No, thank you.
·
Thanks a lot, but….
·
No thanks.
·
Sorry, thank you.
·
No, don’t worry (about….)
·
I’m very grateful to you for your offer….But….
Example Dialogue :
Pedestrian: Shall I
carry the bag for you?
Blind
Man: It’s
very nice of you. Thank you.
Pedestrian: It’s my
pleasure. Can I hold your hand to help you cross
the road?
Blind
Man: Of
course. Thank you.
Pedestrian: Should
I help you to climb the bus?
Blind
Man: No
thanks, I can manage.
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